3. Set Comprehensions

See ref video at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1bwCstN0pFs

3.1. Set comprehension without condition

Python sets are not ordered.
Duplicate items are automatically removed.
Set con only contain immutable objects like integers, floats, strings and tuples.
Sets cannot contain lists, dictionaries or other sets.
Basic uses include membership testing, eliminating duplicate entries and mathematical operations like union, intersection, and difference.
To create an empty set use: set().
Empty sets can’t be created using { }, since that creates an empty dictionary instead.

Syntax:

new_set = {expression for item in iterable}

Parameters:

expression – the item variable only (e.g. x) or any expression such as one that uses the item variable (e.g. x * x).
item – a variable.
iterable – iterable objects like strings, lists, dictionaries, range function and others.

A set comprehension consists of braces (or “curly brackets”) { } containing an expression followed by a for clause.

The result will be a new set created by evaluating the expression in the context of the for clause.

The code below eliminating duplicate entries.

nums = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]
my_set_comprehension = {n for n in nums}
print(my_set_comprehension)

The printed set is: {1, 2, 3}

The code below converts the number strings to integers while eliminating duplicate entries.

str_nums = ['2', '2', '3', '3', '3', '6', '6', '7', '7', '8']
num_set = {int(num) for num in str_nums}
print(num_set)

The printed set is: {2, 3, 6, 7, 8}

The code below creates consistent capitalization, while removing duplicates.

names = ['tom', 'ted', 'tony', 'TOM', 'TONY']
names_set = {n.capitalize() for n in names}
print(names_set)

The printed names_set is: {‘Tom’, ‘Tony’, ‘Ted’}

The code below makes a set of all the first numbers in each nested list.
In the comprehension, xy will get each of the nested lists in tern starting with [1, 2].
Index 1, xy[1] gets the second number. eg. 4 from [1, 4].

xycoords = [[1, 4], [2, 2], [3, 0], [4, 2]]
y_set = {xy[1] for xy in xycoords}
print(y_set)

The printed y_set is: {0, 2, 4}

The code below flatens the nested lists, while removing duplicates.

nums = [[1, 2], [2, 3], [3, 4], [4, 5]]
flat_set = {a for pair in nums for a in pair}
print(flat_set)

The printed flat_set is: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

3.1.1. Practice Questions

Tasks

Use a set comprehension with the range function to create {7, 8, 9}.
Use a set comprehension with the range function to create {2, 4, 6, 8}.

3.2. Set comprehension with condition

Syntax:

new_set = {expression for item in iterable if condition}

Parameters:

expression – the item variable only (e.g. x) or any expression such as one that uses the item variable (e.g. x * x).
item – a variable.
iterable – iterable objects like strings, lists, dictionaries, range function and others.
condition – any condition.

In the code below, the set comprehension uses the range function with a condition filter

i % 2 == 0 check to see if the remainder from dividing by is 0.

evens = {i for i in range(10) if i % 2 == 0}
print(evens)

The printed set is: {0, 2, 4, 6, 8}

nums = [[1,3],[2,3],[3,98],[76,1]] flat_set = {a for b in nums for a in b} print(flat_set) Eliminate Dups from a List

Get Car Make from list of Make & Model We’re getting the first word from each string.

cars = [‘Toyota Prius’, ‘Chevy Bolt’, ‘Tesla Model 3’, ‘Tesla Model Y’] makes = {(c.split()[0]) for c in cars} print(makes) Get Initials from Names Take first and last initials

names = [‘Clint Barton’, ‘Tony’, ‘Nick Fury’, ‘Hank Pym’] inits = {(n.split()[0][0] + n.split()[1][0]) for n in names if len(n.split())==2} print(inits)